Importance of Stare Decisis in Legal Systems Stare decisis, which is Latin for “to stand by things decided,” is a fundamental principle in the legal system that promotes consistency and predictability in the interpretation and application of the law. It is a doctrine that requires courts to adhere to precedent, … …
What are Exempt Transactions? An exempt transaction refers to a type of financial transaction that is not subject to certain laws and regulations. These transactions are typically exempt from specific requirements, such as reporting or disclosure obligations, that would otherwise apply to similar transactions. The purpose of exempt transactions is … …
What is Cost and Freight (CFR) in Foreign Trade Contracts? Cost and Freight (CFR) is a commonly used term in international trade contracts. It is one of the 11 Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) established by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to define the responsibilities and obligations of buyers and … …
Statute of Frauds: Purpose, Covered Contracts, and Exceptions Covered contracts under the Statute of Frauds include contracts for the sale of real estate, contracts that cannot be performed within one year, contracts for the sale of goods over a certain value, and contracts in consideration of marriage. These contracts must … …
Shadow Banking System: Definition The shadow banking system refers to a network of financial intermediaries that operate outside the traditional banking system. These intermediaries provide credit and other financial services similar to banks, but they are not subject to the same regulations and oversight. The term “shadow” is used because … …
What is the Series 63 Exam? Definition, Purpose, and Scope The purpose of the exam is to protect investors by ensuring that securities professionals are knowledgeable about the laws and regulations that govern the sale and purchase of securities. It helps to maintain the integrity of the securities industry and … …
What is a QPAM? A Qualified Professional Asset Manager (QPAM) is an individual or entity that meets certain qualifications and is authorized to manage the assets of employee benefit plans subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). A QPAM must meet specific criteria set forth by the U.S. … …
Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB): Definition and Eligibility A Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB) is a type of investor that meets certain criteria and is eligible to participate in certain securities offerings. QIBs are typically large financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and pension funds. QIBs are considered to … …
Promissory Estoppel: Requirements & Example Promissory estoppel is a legal principle that prevents a person from going back on their promise if another person has relied on that promise to their detriment. In other words, if someone makes a promise and another person acts on that promise, the promisor may … …
Exploring the Laws & Regulations In the principal-agent relationship, there are various laws and regulations that govern the actions and responsibilities of both parties. These laws and regulations are put in place to ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in the relationship. One of the key laws that govern the principal-agent … …
National Retail Federation (NRF) NRF works to advance the retail industry by promoting policies that support economic growth, innovation, and consumer protection. It actively engages with lawmakers and regulators to shape legislation and regulations that impact the retail sector, ensuring that retailers have a voice in the decision-making process. In … …
MiFID II Regulations: Key Requirements and Compliance The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) is a comprehensive set of regulations implemented by the European Union (EU) to regulate financial markets and protect investors. MiFID II builds upon its predecessor, MiFID I, and aims to enhance market transparency, improve … …
The Definition, Significance, and Implications Being locked in refers to a state where an individual becomes trapped in a particular mindset, behavior, or situation, often without being aware of it. This concept has significant implications for individuals, as well as for society as a whole. When someone is locked in, … …
Meaning of Exchange Controls Exchange controls refer to the regulations and restrictions imposed by a government or central bank on the movement of currency in and out of a country. These controls are put in place to manage the exchange rate, protect the domestic economy, and ensure the stability of … …
DAP Obligations and Legal Considerations When entering into a Delivered-at-Place (DAP) agreement in international trade, both the buyer and the seller have certain obligations and legal considerations to keep in mind. These obligations help ensure a smooth and efficient transaction, as well as protect the rights and interests of both … …
What is Bundle of Rights in Real Estate? In real estate, the term “bundle of rights” refers to a set of legal rights that are associated with owning a property. These rights include the right to possess, use, transfer, encumber, and exclude others from the property. The concept of the … …
Boilerplate Language: Uses, History, Examples, Pros & Cons Boilerplate language is a commonly used term in the legal and business world. It refers to standardized, pre-written language that is frequently used in legal documents, contracts, and other written agreements. This language is often used to save time and effort by … …
What is Blockchain Technology? Blockchain technology is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions across multiple computers or nodes. It is a transparent and secure system that allows for the verification and recording of transactions without the need for intermediaries. At its core, blockchain technology consists of a chain of … …
Definition of Block Trade A block trade refers to a large transaction of securities that is executed off the open market, typically involving a significant number of shares or a substantial value of bonds. It is a type of trade that is not conducted through the regular exchange or trading … …
Definition and Role of an Attorney-in-Fact The role of an attorney-in-fact is to act as a representative of the principal, exercising the powers and duties granted to them in the power of attorney document. The attorney-in-fact must act in the best interests of the principal, making decisions and taking actions … …
How Antitrust Laws Function and Their Importance 1. Purpose of Antitrust Laws The primary purpose of antitrust laws is to promote competition and prevent the formation of monopolies or cartels that can stifle competition and harm consumers. These laws are designed to ensure that businesses compete fairly and do not … …
Definition of Anticipatory Breach In contract law, an anticipatory breach refers to a situation where one party to a contract clearly and unequivocally indicates that they will not be able to fulfill their obligations under the contract before the agreed-upon time for performance. This breach occurs when a party makes … …